What happens to NADH during anaerobic glycolysis?
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What happens to NADH during anaerobic glycolysis?
a. During anaerobic glycolysis, the reduced cofactor, NADH+ H+ (which equals NADH2), formed by the enzyme GAPDH is reconverted to NAD+ during the formation of lactate. The overall reaction produces two molecules of ATP, independently of oxygen.
Where does the NADH go after glycolysis?
In the process of glycolysis, NAD+ is reduced to form NADH + H+. If NAD+ is not present, glycolysis will not be able to continue. During aerobic respiration, the NADH formed in glycolysis will be oxidized to reform NAD+ for use in glycolysis again.
What happens to NADH in anaerobic respiration?
In both aerobic and anaerobic respiration, the NADH molecule is part of the enzyme complex and must be restored to its NAD, oxidized state. However, under anaerobic, oxygen-deficient conditions, NADH gets converted back to NAD through anaerobic mechanisms, whether homolactic or alcoholic fermentation.
Where do NADH molecules donate electrons during anaerobic conditions?
These NADH and FADH2 molecules donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which are used to pump protons into the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion. The protons in the intermembrane space then flow through ATP synthase to generate large amounts of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation.
How is NADH formed?
In glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, NADH molecules are formed from NAD+. Meanwhile, in the electron transport chain, all of the NADH molecules are subsequently split into NAD+, producing H+ and a couple of electrons, too.
How does glycolysis produce NADH?
The sixth step in glycolysis oxidizes the sugar (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate), extracting high-energy electrons, which are picked up by the electron carrier NAD+, producing NADH. The sugar is then phosphorylated by the addition of a second phosphate group, producing 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate.
What happens to the products of glycolysis under anaerobic conditions?
Under anaerobic conditions, glycolysis ultimately results in the conversion of pyruvate to lactate. This generates only a fraction of the ATP that would be produced if the glucose were fully oxidized to carbon dioxide and water by aerobic metabolism.
What happens to NADH?
The Fate of Pyruvate and NADH. What happens to the molecules of NADH and pyruvate produced in glycolysis? The electrons from NADH eventually make their way to molecular oxygen, which is reduced to water. The energy released when NADH molecules transfer electrons is ultimately used to make ATP.
Where do the electrons needed by photosystem II come from?
Photosystem II obtains replacement electrons from water molecules, resulting in their split into hydrogen ions (H+) and oxygen atoms. The oxygen atoms combine to form molecular oxygen (O2), which is released into the atmosphere. The hydrogen ions are released into the lumen.