What is the calorific value of biofuels?
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What is the calorific value of biofuels?
39-41 MJ / kg
The calorific value of biodiesel is higher (39-41 MJ / kg) compared with other liquid fuels. It is lower than petrol (46 MJ / kg), diesel fuel (43 MJ kg-1) or oil (42 MJ / kg), but higher than coal (32-37 MJ kg-1) [19]. Biodiesel has a calorific value which is about 12\% lower than diesel.
Why is there an increase in biofuels?
The demand for biofuel has increased due to rising oil prices and policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
How are biofuels more efficient?
Ethanol yields 25\% more energy than the energy invested in its production, whereas biodiesel yields 93\% more. Biodiesel also releases less air pollutants per net energy gain than ethanol. These advantages of biodiesel over ethanol come from lower agricultural inputs and more efficient conversion of feedstocks to fuel.
What factors affect the production of biofuels?
Biodiesel can be produced from plant and animal fats through transesterification reaction. The transesterification reaction is affected by molar ratio of alcohol, presence of water and Free Fatty Acid content, reaction temperature, catalyst concentration and agitation speed.
Which oil has highest calorific value?
Hence, hydrogen has the highest calorific value….Fuels with calorific values:
- Hydrogen: 150 KJ/g.
- Methane: 55 KJ/g.
- LPG: 50 KJ/g.
- Kerosene oil:48 KJ/g.
- Charcoal: 33 KJ/g.
- Wood: 17 KJ/g.
How much energy can biofuels produce?
Energy and CO2 output of common biofuels
| Fuel Type | Specific energy (MJ/kg) | Energy per CO2 (MJ/kg) |
|---|---|---|
| Solid Fuels | ||
| Biodiesel | 37.8 | ~13.26 |
| Sunflower oil (C18H32O2) | [5] 39.49 | 14.04 |
| Castor oil (C18H34O3) | [6] 39.5 | 14.80 |
Why is there increasing demand for biodiesel?
The demand for biofuel crops means greater demand on rainforest land. Crops grow slowly in parts of the world that have lower light levels and temperatures, so growing biofuel crops in these countries would not satisfy the demand for fuel. For bioethanol to be burnt in a car engine, some engine modification is needed.
What are the factors that limit production of biodiesel?
The key factor affecting the production of biodiesel in terms of production yield and purity of biodiesel include reactant purity, mixing time, reaction temperature, catalyst type and concentration, and mass ratio of methanol to oil.
Under what conditions are biofuels competitive?
If the demand for energy is high relative to markets for agricultural commodities and agricultural biofuel feedstocks are competitive in the energy market, this will create a floor price effect for agricultural products determined by fossil fuel prices.
Which has lowest calorific value?
Coal has the lowest calorific value.