What are the principles of liquid-liquid extraction?

Liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) is based on the principle that a solute or an analyte can distribute itself in a certain ratio between two immiscible solvents, usually water (aqueous phase) and organic solvent (organic phase).

What are the advantages of liquid-liquid extraction?

The liquid–liquid extraction process offers several advantages such as high capacity of the extractant and high selectivity of separation. Liquid–liquid extraction was successfully used for the recovery of 2,3-butanediol during fermentation (Birajdar et al., 2015).

What is liquid-liquid extraction PDF?

The liquid-liquid extraction is a mass transfer process between two phases. One liquid phase is the feed consisting of a solute and a carrier. The other phase is the solvent. The extraction is understood to be a transfer of the solute from the feed to the solvent.

How can you increase the efficiency of liquid-liquid extraction?

In some cases, the efficiency of a liquid-liquid extraction process can be strongly improved by modifying the distribution coefficient. Thus, an organic acid would prefer the nonpolar solvent when not dissociated (i.e., at low pH) and the aqueous solvent when dissociated (i.e., at high pH).

What is separation factor in an extraction process?

Separation factors The separation factor is one distribution ratio divided by another; it is a measure of the ability of the system to separate two solutes.

What are the factors affecting solvent extraction?

Factors Influencing Solvent Extraction

• EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND INERT SOLUTES. The physical as well as chemical interactions of a solute is capable of changing its apparent partition coefficient between a pair of solvents.
• EFFECT OF pH ON EXTRACTION.
• EFFECT OF ION-PAIR FORMATION.
• EFFECT OF SYNERGISTIC EXTRACTION.

What are the advantages of solid phase extraction over liquid-liquid extraction?

What are advantages of doing Solid Phase Extraction?

• Cleaner Samples: In contrast with a liquid-liquid extraction where it only allows you to target classes of compounds, SPE enables you to target just your analyte of interest.
• Batch Processing: The ability to batch process multiple samples is another great advantage.

What is the basic principle of solvent extraction?

The principle behind solvent extraction is extremely basic. The goal is to use a liquid (solvent) to dissolve (solvate) a target molecule or group of compounds (solute) and to wash them out of the solid plant material. The solvent is then separated from the solute in order to concentrate the solute.

What is efficiency of extraction?

Extraction efficiency is the percentage of solute that moves into the extracting phase; thus, the extraction efficiency is 60.0\%.

What affects separation factor?

In gas adsorption or liquid/liquid extraction, the separation factor is determined by the distribution coefficient of the component in the two phases, although the efficiency of the transport also depends on the difference in physical and/or chemical properties between membrane and permeating compounds.

What are the factors affecting extraction efficiency?

Extraction technique, extraction solvent, pH of the solvent, extraction time, temperature, sample to solvent ratio, sample characteristics are the defining factors that affect extraction efficiency, isoflavonoids profile and recovery (Rostagno et al.