Where is zearalenone found?

Zearalenone is found in corn, wheat, rice, oats, barley, sorghum and rye as well as grain flours or processed food made from them. It may additionally be found in moldy hay as well as malt, soybeans and beer.

What foods have the most mycotoxins?

Foods most commonly known to be high in mycotoxins include:

• Grains (including corn, wheat, barley and rye)
• Alcoholic beverages.
• Nuts (including peanuts, pistachios and Brazil nuts)
• Sugar (sugar cane and sugar beets)
• Hard cheeses.
• Coffee beans.
• Chocolate.
• Dried fruit.

What foods are mycotoxins found in?

Mycotoxins appear in almost all kinds of animal feed and products such as wheat bran, noug cake, pea hulls, maize grain, milk and meat, and also human food such as cereal, fruit and vegetables, spice, etc. [5]. Consuming these foods creates serious health risks in human and all animal species.

Is zearalenone harmful to humans?

Zearalenone (ZEA) is produced by some Fusarium species. This is a mycotoxin with low acute toxicity in experimental animals and there is no report of acute toxicity in humans. Symptoms of chronic exposure are caused by interactions of ZEA and its metabolites with estrogen receptors.

Is zearalenone an aflatoxin?

Aflatoxins are fungal metabolites produced by different Aspergillus species: A. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) considers that aflatoxins are carcinogenic (hepatocarcinogenic) to humans (group 1) and animals. Zearalenone is an estrogenic mycotoxin produced by several species of Fusarium (F.

What animal species are most susceptible to zearalenone?

Pigs were considered the most sensitive animal species to zearalenone, with female pigs more sensitive than male pigs, followed by sheep, cattle and poultry.

Do oats have mycotoxins?

Although oats are generally considered as relatively resistant to grain pests, they are not resistant to mycotoxins….Legal regulation.

Does bread contain mycotoxins?

Don’t Try to Salvage Moldy Bread Some mold can produce harmful and invisible poisons called mycotoxins. These may spread through bread, particularly when mold growth is heavy (1). High intake of mycotoxins may cause digestive upset or other illness.

Can potatoes have mycotoxins?

Potatoes are also notorious for harboring mold and there are more than 20 things you need to do to store them properly to avoid introducing new toxins as they age, especially mycotoxins. They are simply a high-risk food. Fortunately, sweet potatoes are not the same.

What is zearalenone toxicity?

Zearalenone is the primary toxin that binds to estrogen receptors, causing infertility, abortion or other breeding problems, especially in swine. Often, ZEN is detected together with deoxynivalenol in contaminated samples and its toxicity needs to be considered in combination with the presence of other toxins.

What happens if you eat Aspergillus?

Acute aflatoxin poisoning causes severe liver damage and sometimes death (particularly in children and people with hepatitis B), while chronic lower-level poisoning can damage the immune system and cause liver cancer.

How do I know if I have mycotoxins?

Mood changes (e.g. new onset anxiety/depression), neurological issues (e.g. neuropathy, migraines, pain), and digestive issues (e.g. reacting to many foods, abdominal pain) are the most common symptoms I see in those with mycotoxin-induced illness, but most of these symptoms can also be attributed to another more …