Why aldehydes are more reactive than ketones towards aldol condensation?

Aldehydes are typically more reactive than ketones due to the following factors. The carbonyl carbon in aldehydes generally has more partial positive charge than in ketones due to the electron-donating nature of alkyl groups. Aldehydes only have one e- donor group while ketones have two.

Why are aldehydes more reactive than ketones explain giving proper answer?

Due to smaller +I effect of the alkyl group in a aldehydes as compared to large +I effect of two alkyl groups in ketones, the magnitude of positive charge on the carbonyl carbon is more in aldehydes that ketones. As a result nucleophilic addition reaction occur more readily in aldehydes that in ketones.

Which aldehyde and ketone give aldol condensation reaction?

When aldehydes and ketones having at least one α-hydrogen are treated with dilute alkali (which act as a catalyst) they form β-hydroxy aldehydes (aldol) or β-hydroxy ketones (ketol) respectively. This reaction is known as aldol condensation.

Which is more reactive towards aldol condensation?

First, aldehydes are more reactive acceptor electrophiles than ketones, and formaldehyde is more reactive than other aldehydes. The aldol condensation of ketones with aryl aldehydes to form α,β-unsaturated derivatives is called the Claisen-Schmidt reaction.

Why are ketones less reactive in aldol condensation?

Recall that ketones are less reactive than aldehydes towards nucleophilic addition due to steric and electronic effects. These Aldol products can often undergo dehydration (loss of water) to give conjugated systems (an elimination reaction) (overall = an aldol condensation).

Why are aldehydes more reactive than ketones Class 12?

A ketone has two electron-donating alkyl groups bonded to carbonyl carbon which are responsible for decreasing its positive polarity and electrophilicity. In contrast, aldehydes have only one electron-donating group bonded to the carbonyl carbon. This makes aldehydes more electrophilic than ketones.

Does ketone give aldol condensation?

Although ketone enolates are good nucleophiles, the aldol reaction of ketones is usually not particularly successful. These Aldol products can often undergo dehydration (loss of water) to give conjugated systems (an elimination reaction) (overall = an aldol condensation).

Why are aromatic aldehydes and ketones less reactive?

Aromatic aldehydes and ketones are less reactive than aliphatic aldehydes because of greater delocalization of positive charge on the electrophilic carbon due to resonance.

Which reaction will distinguish between ketones and aldehydes?

Tollens Test The Tollens’ test is a reaction that is used to distinguish aldehydes from ketones, as aldehydes are able to be oxidized into a carboxylic acid while ketones cannot. Tollens’ reagent, which is a mixture of silver nitrate and ammonia, oxidizes the aldehyde to a carboxylic acid.