Why does nitration occur at the meta position of methyl benzoate instead of the ortho and para position?

The electrophile or the nitronium ion attached to the meta position in the benzene ring because of the carboxyl group being meta-deactivator that made the reaction took place in the meta position and the ortho and para positions are destabilized.

Why do we keep the temperature of the reaction mixture low 0 15 OC during addition of the nitration mixture?

Why is it important to maintain the reaction temperature low and the addition of nitric acid sulfuric acid mixture carried out slowly? It’s important because if the temperature high then there’s a greater chance of getting more than one nitro group substituted onto the ring.

Why is methyl M Nitrobenzoate formed in this reaction instead of the ortho or para isomers use resonance structures to justify and explain your answer?

Why is methyl 3-nitrobenzoate formed in this reaction instead of the ortho or para isomers? Because methyl benzoate is a electron withdrawing unit and a meta director. The reaction generates a lot of heat, to much and it will affect the yeild of the product.

Why is the reaction mixture poured over ice rather than cold water?

The reaction mixture is poured over ice to precipitate the crude product. Ice is used because the reaction of concentrated acids, especially concentrated sulfuric acid, with water is very exothermic. This would lead to the hydrolysis of the ester function during this step.

What is the purpose of nitration of methyl benzoate?

The purpose of this reaction it’s to perform a nitration reaction on methyl benzoate to create a product of 3-nitro methyl benzoate. Within a nitration reaction it is typical to see electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions occur. It is important to note the characteristics of an aromatic structure.

Why is nitration done at low temperatures?

Methylbenzene reacts rather faster than benzene – in nitration, the reaction is about 25 times faster. That means that you would use a lower temperature to prevent more than one nitro group being substituted – in this case, 30°C rather than 50°C.

Why is concentrated sulfuric acid employed in nitration?

Sulfuric acid is needed in order for a good electrophile to form. Sulfuric acid protonates nitric acid to form the nitronium ion (water molecule is lost). The nitronium ion is a very good electrophile and is open to attack by benzene. Without sulfuric acid the reaction would not occur.

What is methyl M Nitrobenzoate used for?

The methyl m-nitrobenzoate obtainable by the process of the invention is a useful starting material for the preparation of dyes and crop protection agents.

What is the nucleophile in nitration of methyl benzoate?

The nitrogen in industrial nitric acid originates in the air you breathe, which contains 78 \% nitrogen. Nitric and sulfuric acid react to form the nitronium ion electrophile. Nucleophilic π electrons attack the nitronium ion giving methyl 3-nitrobenzoate.

Why the reaction mixture is added into ice cold water before titration?

so we withdraw certain amount of reaction mixture and try to stop the reaction by putting ice into it then measure the concentration of that component. Lowering in temp slows down the rate of reaction to almost zero and we can find the concentration of the that reactant at that instant of time. This is the only reason.

Why does nitration of aniline gives meta derivative?

Nitration of aniline in strong acidic medium also gives m-nitroaniline because. In strongly acidic medium, aniline is protonated to form the anilinium ion. Since, anilinium ion so formed is meta directing, thus besides ortho and para derivatives, significant amount of meta derivative is also formed.