How does ENSO affect Indian monsoon?

ENSO and India El Nino: Strong El Nino events contribute to weaker monsoons and even droughts in India Southeast Asia. La Nina: The cold air occupies a larger part of India than the El Nino cold air.

What affects the Indian monsoon?

Monsoons are affected by geography. Low-level winds blow south towards the ITCZ, picking up moisture as they move over the warm, tropical ocean. Meanwhile in India, dry air descending over land means there is little precipitation.

What effect does El Nino have on monsoon rains?

El Nino has been generally known to suppress monsoon rainfall in India while La Nina increases it. El Niño years tend to be drier than average, but one of the strongest El Nino of the century (1997-98) produced a monsoon season with above-average rainfall for India (see table).

What is El Nino How does it affect the climate of India?

El Nino refers to the large-scale ocean-atmosphere climate interaction linked to periodic warming in sea surface temperatures across the central and east-central Equatorial Pacific. El Nino adversely impacts the Indian monsoons and hence, agriculture in India.

What is ENSO and how does it affect climate?

ENSO is one of the most important climate phenomena on Earth due to its ability to change the global atmospheric circulation, which in turn, influences temperature and precipitation across the globe.

What influence does El Nino have on arrival of monsoon in West Bengal?

Since the southwest monsoons blow over West Bengal, India and southeast Asia in general, El Nino influences the climate of West Bengal too. It is commonly seen that El Nino years coincide with draught conditions in West Bengal.

What are the effects of monsoon rainfall in India?

(a) Indian agriculture is largely dependent upon the water from the monsoon rains. Late, low or excessive rains have a negative impact upon crops. (b) Due to the uneven distribution of rainfall across the country, there are some regions that are drought prone and some that are flood afflicted.

How does ENSO affect precipitation?

El Niño occurs when warm water builds up along the equator in the eastern Pacific. The warm ocean surface warms the atmosphere, which allows moisture-rich air to rise and develop into rainstorms. During El Niño years, such as 1997, the southeast receives more rain than average.

How El Nino and La Nina affect Indian monsoon?

El Niño has a warming influence on global temperatures, whilst La Niña has the opposite effect. In India for example, El Nino is associated with drought or weak monsoon while La Niña is associated with strong monsoon and above average rains and colder winters.

What is the effect of El Nino on Indian monsoon Class 9?

The Oceanic Nino Index (ONI) is used to measure deviations from normal sea surface temperatures. The Oceanic Niño Index is a measure of the departure from normal sea surface temperature in the east-central Pacific Ocean, is the standard means by which each El Nino episode is determined, gauged, and forecast.

What are the effects of ENSO?

ENSO events (in particular to the strong El Niño events of 1982–83 and 1997–98) have been connected to impacts on almost every aspect of human life: disease outbreaks, low and high agricultural yields, natural disasters, availability of water resources, energy demand, disruption to hydropower generation, price …