What is plait point in liquid liquid extraction?

The Plait Point P, is the intersection of the raffinate-phase and extract-phase boundary curves. At this point, the equilibrium phases become coincident and no separation can be made at that point.

What is pinch point in mass transfer?

Point N is the point of intersection between the q-line and the equilibrium curve. This is the point where the driving force for mass transfer is zero (operation at equilibrium condition). Point N is also known as the Pinch Point. Separation is not possible at this point. We cannot reduce R beyond this point.

What is binodal curve in liquid liquid extraction?

1, the binodal curve TCB divides a region of component concentrations that will form two immiscible aqueous phases (above the curve) from those that will form one phase (below the curve). This curve represents the separation between the two im- miscible phases.

What is the difference between selectivity and distribution coefficient?

The selectivity between the 2 solutes A and B is defined as the ratio of the distribution coefficient of A to the distribution coefficient of B. For all useful extraction operation the selectivity must exceed unity. If the selectivity is unity, no separation is possible.

Why is plait point important?

The liquid and vapor portions of the binodal curve meet at the plait point, a critical point at which the liquid and vapor phases are identical. Thus, the plait-point mixture has a critical temperature and pressure equal to the conditions for which the diagram is plotted.

What are tie lines ternary diagram?

Two-phase regions are areas enclosed by black curves and for the two-phase regions shown, some tie-lines are shown by blue dashed-lines. Tie-lines show the equilibrium two phases and can be experimentally determined or calculated from theory. Figure 4.23. Schematic ternary phase diagram for a mixture of A, B and C.

What is binodal solubility curve?

In thermodynamics, the binodal, also known as the coexistence curve or binodal curve, denotes the condition at which two distinct phases may coexist. In general, the binodal is defined by the condition at which the chemical potential of all solution components is equal in each phase.

What is Spinodal curve?

Spinodal Curve: A curve that separates a metastable region from an unstable region in the coexistence region of a binary mixture.

What is the difference between distribution coefficient and distribution ratio?

The partition coefficient generally refers to the concentration ratio of un-ionized species of compound, whereas the distribution coefficient refers to the concentration ratio of all species of the compound (ionized plus un-ionized). In the chemical and pharmaceutical sciences, both phases usually are solvents.

What is distribution coefficient in extraction?

The distribution coefficient is the ratio of the concentration of solute in the organic phase over the concentration of solute in the aqueous phase (the V-terms are the volume of the phases).

How do you find the plait point?

Take each endpoint and draw a line from it downward, perpendicular to base of the triangle. The extensions from the raffinate side will intersect those from the extract side, and each pair forms a point on the conjugate curve. The final point is the plait point.