How do the resistor and capacitor pairs work together to control the timing circuit?

The two resistor-capacitor pairs (R2-C1 and R3-C2) are the timing components of the circuit. They control how fast the lights flash. A bigger capacitor will take longer to charge, a bigger resistor will slow the current down and also take longer to charge. The flash rate depends on the time taken.

Why do leds need a resistor?

An LED (Light Emitting Diode) emits light when an electric current passes through it. The ballast resistor is used to limit the current through the LED and to prevent excess current that can burn out the LED. If the voltage source is equal to the voltage drop of the LED, no resistor is required.

What is capacitor transistor and resistor?

Capacitors store energy in the electric field between a pair of conductors called plates. Storing occurs when electric charges of equal magnitude, but opposite polarity, build up on each plate. Transistors are a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals.

How do you make a LED flasher with a 555 timer?

Connect pin 2 to the positive end of a capacitor. Connect the negative lead of the capacitor to the ground of the battery. Now short the pin 2 to pin 6 of the 555 timer IC. Connect the output pin 3 with the positive lead of the LED using a 1kΩ resistor.

How do you program a 555 timer IC?

For standard 555 timers use timing resistor values between 1K ohms and 1M ohms. Figure 6 shows a complete 555 monostable multivibrator circuit with simple edge triggering. Closing switch S1 starts the 5 second timing interval and turns on LED1. At the end of the timing interval LED1 will turn off.

What is the relationship between voltage and current in resistors?

Resistors. The relationship between the current through a conductor with resistance and the voltage across the same conductor is described by Ohm’s law : where V is the voltage across the conductor, I is the current through the conductor, and R is the resistance of the conductor.

How does the base resistor affect the collector current?

However the base resistor value decides how much triggering current can enter across the base/emitter pins, and therefore in turn affects the collector current. Conversely, the base resistor should be such that it allows sufficient current to be pulled from collector to the emitter, permitting perfect switching of the collector load.

How do you calculate power dissipated by a resistor?

The power dissipated by the resistor is equal to the voltage multiplied by the current: If I is measured in amps and V in volts, then the power P is in watts. By plugging in different forms of V=IR, we can rewrite P=IV as: The symbol for a capacitor: The capacitor on the right is polarized.

Why can’t I connect the led directly to the collector?

We cannot connect the LED directly to the collector of the transistor because LEDs are also vulnerable and will require a current limiting resistor if the operating voltage is higher than its specified forward voltage.