What are the forces acting on chip in metal machining?

The cutting tool moves along the feed direction. The metal gets plastically deformed along the shear plane. The chips move along the rake face of the tool. The chip being rough gets resistance in movement and hence a frictional force F of the tool acting on the chip.

What types of forces acts on during machining?

The forces are: Shearing force. The force in the shear plane. The normal force to the shear plane.

On what factors the chip formation is depending upon?

The types of the chip formation depend on the material type, machining speed, rake angle of the tool, friction between the tool and material as well as on the cooling fluid used to cools the material during the machining operation.

What are the types of chip formation?

Three distinctive types of chips can occur during the machining, segmented, continuous, and continuous with BUE. The formation of chips depends on the material selection and machining process parameters.

What is Chip force?

A force that is generated by the cutting tool as it machines the work-piece. The cutting process assumed that the chip is removed from the work-piece by a shearing action across the plane. Because the deformed chip is in compression against the face of the tool a frictional force is developed.

What are the various forces developed during the turning operation?

There are three main forces that work in turning: thrust force, axial force, and radial force. Thus, feeding force measurement is needed in machine manufacturing. This research attempts to develop measurement method through feeding force, using strain gauge sensor.

Which type of chips are formed while machining of ductile materials?

Explanation: Discontinuous chips are formed during machining of brittle metals while continuous chips are formed during machining of ductile materials.

What is thrust force in turning?

The axial or feed force acts in the longitudinal direction. It is also called the feed force because it is in the feed direction of the tool. This force tends to push the tool away from the chuck. The radial or thrust force acts in the radial direction and tends to push the tool away from the workpiece.

What is chip formation process?

Chips are formed due to tearing and shearing. In the process of chip formation by tear, the workpiece material adjacent to tool face is compressed and a crack runs ahead of cutting tool and towards the body of the workpiece. The chip is highly deformed and workpiece material is relatively under-formed.

What is chip formation mechanism?

Regardless of the tool being used or the metal being cut, the chip forming process occurs by a mechanism called plastic deformation. ​The crystals of the metal elongate through an action of slipping or shearing, which takes place within the crystals and between adjacent crystals.

What is chip formation define four basic types of chip in machining process?

Types of Chip Formation – Continuous, Built-Up Edge, Discontinuous and Serrated Chips. A machining environment such as temperature and type of cutting fluid used.

What is turning in manufacturing process?

Turning is a machining operation performed on a lathe in which the workpiece rotates at high speeds while a fixed cutting tool removes material. Lathes have a tailstock that interferes with the end of the workpiece opposite the turret (which holds the chuck and spins the workpiece). …

What are the two mechanisms involved in chip formation?

The basic two mechanisms involved in chip formation are Yielding – generally for ductile materials Brittle fracture – generally for brittle materials During machining, first a small crack develops at the tool tip as shown in Fig. 3 due to wedging action of the cutting edge.

How does the shear strain affect chip formation?

The shear band spacing increases with the cutting speed and is always lower than that of the CG counterpart. If the shear strain rate distribution contains a shift in the chip flow direction, the chip morphology appears saw-tooth, and cyclic shear localization is the chip formation mechanism.

What is the chip formation mechanism of the ECAE-processed Ti?

The chip formation mechanism of the ECAE-processed Ti transitions from cyclic shear localization within the low cutting speed regime (such as 0.1 m/s or higher) to uniform shear localization within the moderately high cutting speed regime (such as from 0.5 to 1.0 m/s) and to cyclic shear localization (1.0 m/s).

What is the morphology of a chip?

The chip morphology is classified as aperiodic saw-tooth, continuous, or periodic saw-tooth, and changes with the cutting speed.