What are the fractions of oil?
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What are the fractions of oil?
Fractions. There are several ways of classifying the useful fractions that are distilled from crude oil. One general way is by dividing into three categories: light, middle, and heavy fractions. Heavier components condense at higher temperatures and are removed at the bottom of the column.
How is crude oil divided into fractions?
Crude oil is separated by fractional distillation. Crude oil is heated to vaporize the different hydrocarbons in a tank which is cool at the top and hot at the bottom. The vapours then rise and the different hydrocarbons condense at their specific boiling points, allowing them to be separated.
What are the 6 fractions of crude oil?
Fractional distillation of crude oil
| Fraction: | No. of carbon atoms: | Colour: |
|---|---|---|
| Gasoline (petrol) | 4 – 12 | Colourless to pale yellow |
| Kerosine (paraffin) | 11 – 15 | Colourless to yellow |
| Diesel oil | 15 – 19 | Brown |
| Residue lubricating oil heavy fuel oil bitumen | C | Dark brown |
How are fractions used crude oil?
Fractional distillation is used to separate crude oil into simpler, more useful mixtures . This method can be used because different hydrocarbons have different boiling points .
Which fraction of crude oil has the biggest compounds?
Bitumen consists of the largest molecules in crude oil with the greatest intermolecular forces between them, so they are solid at room temperature and very high boiling up to 700oC.
Which is the most viscous fraction of crude oil?
This means our answer is C. Gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil is the correct order of increasing viscosity for these three crude oil fractions.
Are fractions of crude oil pure?
Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons . The crude oil is evaporated and its vapours condense at different temperatures in the fractionating column. Each fraction contains hydrocarbon molecules with a similar number of carbon atoms and a similar range of boiling points.
What is gasoline fraction used for?
What is the fractional distillation of crude oil?
Fractional distillation separates a mixture into a number of different parts, called fractions. A tall fractionating column is fitted above the mixture, with several condensers coming off at different heights. The crude oil is evaporated and its vapours condense at different temperatures in the fractionating column.
What properties is always different in crude oil fractions?
These have boiling points below room temperature. They are very flammable (easily set on fire) and have a low viscosity (because they are gases). The hydrocarbons in different fractions differ in these properties.