What is generalization and specialization?

Specialization and generalization are main principles of database modeling. Specialization is based on a refinement of types or classes to more specific ones. Generalization maps or groups types or classes to more abstract or combined ones.

What is the difference between specialization and generalization with respect to database?

Generalization is normally applied to group of entities. We can apply Specialization to a single entity. In Generalization process, what actually happens is that it takes the union of two or more lower-level entity sets to produce a higher-level entity sets. Specialization is reverse of Generalization.

What is generalization with example?

generalization, in psychology, the tendency to respond in the same way to different but similar stimuli. For example, a child who is scared by a man with a beard may fail to discriminate between bearded men and generalize that all men with beards are to be feared.

What are constraints on specialization and generalization?

There are three constraints that may apply to a specialization/generalization: membership constraints, disjoint constraints and completeness constraints. User defined: Sometimes the designer can define the superclass-subclass relationship.

What do you mean by specialization?

Definition of specialization 1 : a making or becoming specialized. 2a : structural adaptation of a body part to a particular function or of an organism for life in a particular environment.

What is specialization in ER model?

In specialization, an entity is divided into sub-entities based on their characteristics. It is a top-down approach where higher level entity is specialized into two or more lower level entities.

What is a generalization specialization hierarchy?

A generalization hierarchy (also called is-a hierarchy) connects a superclass and one or more subclasses, representing a specialization of the superclass. Each class is defined as the specialization of at most one superclass. In technical terms, “multiple inheritance” is avoided.

What are the two types of generalization?

Generalization includes three specific forms: Stimulus generalization, response generalization, and maintenance. Stimulus generalization involves the occurrence of a behavior in response to another similar stimulus.

Which is generalization constraint?

The requirement of this constraint is that an entity should not belong to no more than one lower-level entity set. For example, the entity of student entity satisfy only one condition for student type attribute i.e. Either an entity can be a graduate or an undergraduate student, but cannot be both at the same time.

What is the difference between generalization and specialization in ER model?

The fundamental difference between generalization and specialization is that Generalization is a bottom-up approach. However, specialization is a top-down approach. In generalization, a higher entity must have some lower entities whereas, in specialization, a higher entity may not have any lower entity present.

What is specialization in 12th class?

Science students can opt for Engineering (Civil, mechanical, electronics, metallurgy, computers etc) Medicine or Architecture. Few other options are fashion technology, interior design, industrial design, packaging, aircraft maintenance engineering, tourism and travel management and aviation.