How does hypertension affect left ventricular function?

Unique effects associated with hypertension are increases in left ventricular mass index, increase in ejection fraction, reduction in longitudinal shortening, redistribution of circumferential strains with reduced epicardial and increased endocardial shortening, and impaired energetics (PCr/ATP).

How does hypertension cause left ventricular failure?

Hypertension increases the workload on the heart inducing structural and functional changes in the myocardium. These changes include hypertrophy of the left ventricle, which can progress to heart failure.

What indicates left ventricular hypertrophy?

Left ventricular hypertrophy, or LVH, is a term for a heart’s left pumping chamber that has thickened and may not be pumping efficiently. Sometimes problems such as aortic stenosis or high blood pressure overwork the heart muscle.

What is blood pressure in left ventricle?

When the left ventricle (LV) contracts, it generates a systolic blood pressure of 100-140 millimeters of Hg (mm Hg). The aortic diastolic pressure is usually 60-90 mm Hg. The LV/aortic pressure gradient causes blood to pass through the aortic valve.

Does high blood pressure affect ejection fraction?

Hypertension appears to play an especially important role in HF associated with a preserved ejection fraction (EF) >0.50 (HFPEF).

How is left ventricular hypertrophy diagnosed on ECG?

Left Ventricular Hypertrophy ECG Criteria Modified Cornell Criteria: Examine the R wave in aVL. If the R wave is greater than 12 mm in amplitude, LVH is present. Sokolow-Lyon Criteria: Add the S wave in V1 plus the R wave in V5 or V6. If the sum is greater than 35 mm, LVH is present.

Why does the left ventricle have higher pressure?

Further, the left ventricle has thicker walls than the right because it needs to pump blood to most of the body while the right ventricle fills only the lungs.

When does left ventricular pressure increase?

By convention, the mechanical cycle begins at end diastole (Figure 1). The LV pressure increases without a change in volume during isovolumetric contraction. When the LV pressure exceeds the aortic pressure, the aortic valve opens. During LV ejection, LV volume falls.