What does the inferior mesenteric vein do?

The inferior mesenteric vein (IMV) drains the descending colon, the sigmoid colon, and the rectum through the left colic vein, the sigmoid branches, and the superior rectal vein, respectively. The IMV joins the splenic vein, which then joins the SMV to form the portal vein. The portal vein enters the liver.

How does liver cirrhosis cause portal vein thrombosis?

High incidence of PVT in the setting of liver cirrhosis is mainly due to hypercoagulable state and altered dynamics of blood flow in the portal vein [6, 7, 8]. Moreover, PVT will deteriorate liver cirrhosis by increasing portal vein pressure and decreasing blood flow into liver.

How does venous thrombosis cause ischemia?

The consequent bowel edema and decreased outflow of blood secondary to venous thrombosis impede the inflow of arterial blood, and this leads to bowel ischemia. Although bowel ischemia is itself detrimental to the patient, it is the resulting multiple organ system failure that actually accounts for the high mortality.

What causes SMV thrombosis?

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Infection in your belly area like an abscess, appendicitis, or diverticulitis. Sickle cell disease or another condition that makes your blood clot too easily. Injury to a blood vessel from an accident or surgery.

Which vein flows into inferior mesenteric?

splenic vein
Axial CECT, Pelvic Vessels. The inferior mesenteric vein, a continuation of the superior rectal vein, accompanies the inferior mesenteric artery and usually drains into the splenic vein.

Where does the inferior mesenteric vein go?

Origin and course Upon reaching the left side of the duodenojejunal flexure, the inferior mesenteric vein curves to the right and passes posterior to the body of the pancreas. Here, it terminates by draining into the splenic vein, which then merges with the superior mesenteric vein to form the hepatic portal vein.

What is portal vein thrombosis of the liver?

Portal vein thrombosis is blockage or narrowing of the portal vein (the blood vessel that brings blood to the liver from the intestines) by a blood clot. Most people have no symptoms, but in some people, fluid accumulates in the abdomen, the spleen enlarges, and/or severe bleeding occurs in the esophagus.

What is TIP procedure?

How does the procedure work? A TIPS reroutes blood flow in the liver and reduces abnormally high blood pressure in the veins of the stomach, esophagus, bowel and liver, reducing the risk of bleeding from enlarged veins across the esophagus and stomach.

What is mesenteric vein thrombosis?

Mesenteric venous thrombosis (MVT) is a blood clot in one or more of the major veins that drain blood from the intestine. The superior mesenteric vein is most commonly involved.

How does mesenteric vein thrombosis cause ischemia?

Complications of Mesenteric Venous Thrombosis Mesenteric venous thrombosis can decrease the supply of blood to the tissues and cells of your digestive system. This is called ischemia. It causes intestinal damage or the death of intestinal tissue, which is called infarction.

Where does inferior mesenteric vein come from?

The inferior mesenteric vein arises from the splenic vein posterior to the midbody of the pancreas, before the junction of the superior mesenteric and splenic vein.

What does inferior mesenteric artery supply?

The inferior mesenteric artery arises from the abdominal aorta at the level of the third lumbar vertebra. It supplies the hindgut and has four major branches called left colic, sigmoid and superior rectal arteries. It also contributes to the formation of the marginal artery of Drummond.

How does cirrhosis of the liver affect blood pressure?

High blood pressure in the veins that supply the liver (portal hypertension). Cirrhosis slows the normal flow of blood through the liver, thus increasing pressure in the vein that brings blood from the intestines and spleen to the liver.

Where does the inferior vena cava drain into the liver?

Liver Cirrhosis Collateral Circulation. The inferior vena cava (IVC) is formed by the union of the right and left common iliac veins at vertebral level L5, drains all the blood from below the diaphragm (even portal blood from the gastrointestinal tract after it percolates through the liver) to the right atrium.

What is a mesenteric blood clot?

The clot most often forms in a vein called the “superior mesenteric vein,” close to the small intestine. It’s one of a number of things that can suddenly lessen blood flow to the intestines, a condition your doctor might call acute mesenteric ischemia.

What are the symptoms of portal hypertension in cirrhosis?

Portal hypertension can also cause changes to and swelling of the spleen, and trapping of white blood cells and platelets. Decreased white blood cells and platelets in your blood can be the first sign of cirrhosis. Bleeding. Portal hypertension can cause blood to be redirected to smaller veins.